1.
Effect Of Gallic Acid On Oxidative Stress In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Sadia yaseen | Dr. Muhammad quaid zaman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz yousaf | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2061,T] (1).
2.
Comparison Of Caged And Aviary Environment On Haematological And Biochemical Profiles Of Peafowls
by Muhammad Tahir Aziz | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Zia Ullah.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2157,T] (1).
3.
Effects Of Short Term Anti-Stressor Feeding On Bone Characteristics And Tissues Minerals In Heat Stressedbroilers
by Vishal Sharoon (2013-VA-567) | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Saif-Ur-Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Broiler chicken is the fastest growing meat type nowadays. Increased broiler’s growth rate increases their body heat production. When the body becomes overheated, a condition of heat stress exist which results in decreased growth rate primarily due to reduced feed intake (Hurwitz et al. 1980). Heat stress in birds cause suffering that leads to death and to reduce this problem of heat stress, heat production needs to be reduced, which can be done by evaporative heat loss through respiratory tract. Many other techniques have been developed to alleviate heat stress like upgrading the house padding (Nilipour 2000; Yahavet al. 2004), setting upcooling systemssuch as evaporative cooling (Donald 2000), reducing bird density, providing cool drinking water, and feeding birds during the cooler times of the day like in the morning hours or when the sun sets (Lott 1991; Yahav and Hurwitz 1996).
Minerals are essential for the naturalfunctioning of the body. Manganese, zinc, copper, calcium, and phosphorus are a few minerals that are important for the growth and development of bone (Watkins and Seifert 1997). Heat stress increases mineral excretion because digestibility is affected intestinal motility is increased (Smith 1987). El-Husseiny and Creger (1981) reported that heat stress decreases rates of calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium and zinc preservations in broilers. Similarly, Sahin et al. (2006) found that heat stress decreases tibial ash, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in quails. It also decreases length and widths of tibia, and promotes mineralization which in turn reduces bone strength of broilers (Vakili et al. 2010).
Heat stress also has negative effects on concentrations of potassium, sodium, phosphorus, copper, and zinc in serum. Their reduction is reported under heat stress conditions in broilers (Belay and Teeter 1996).Heat stress has also shown decreased iron, and chromium concentrations in serum. Heat stress also effects liver minerals and has shown reduction in the liver concentrations of iron, zinc, and chromium (Sahin et al. 2001).
As it is quite expensive to keep animal buildings cool, different methods of dietary manipulation are mostly considered. During heat stress, synthesis of vitamin C, E, zinc and chromium is decreased. So poultry diet is supplemented with these minerals due to their anti-stress effects (Sahin and Kucuk 2001). Melatonin supplementation also restores the decreased concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, in serum induced by heat stress (Sahin et al. 2004). Genistein supplementation is also helpful in increasing apparent nutrientdigestibility and bone mineralization. The reduced amount of minerals is excreted out of the body whereas the mineral concentration in tibia ash increases (Sahin et al. 2006). A supplemented dietincluding chromium at 1200 ppb can lessen the detrimental effects of heat stressed broiler. Feed intake, body weight and improved feed effectivenessincreases as a result of increased chromium supplement (Sahin et al. 2002). Another dietary practice to reduce heat stress of broiler is to supplement poultry feed or drinking water with various electrolytes which will increase their water intake. Addition of Dietary fibre in feed also has beneficial effects on broilers (Lee 1994). ASI supplementation (ASI; Arg =49.47%, silicone = 8.2%, inositol = 25%) considerably enhanced bone mineralization in quails and had no effect on weight gained, feed effectiveness and feed consumed (Sahin et al. 2006).During heat stress, KCl at level of 1.5% and NaHCO3 at level of 0.5%, improvedweight gain, and significantly increased serum potassium and bicarbonate level during heat stress. The results showed that combination of KCl and NaHCO3 supplementation decreased the negative effects of heat stress (Naseem et al. 2005).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2263-T] (1).
4.
Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Serum Mineral Profile And Bone Health Of Broilers
by Sidrah Shafique (2013-VA-845) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Background: Zn is an essential mineral of biological importance and in the past processed and unprocessed forms of Zn was used with uncertain composition. Zn is very important from nutritional point of view and is often supplemented in poultry diet. Zn promotes the growth, skeletal development, mineral retention, Zn concentration in tissues, production of neutropphils and antibodies and it improves the functions of macrophages. Zn deficiency causes reduction in weight gain, skeletal malformations, poor bone mineralization and immunological dysfunctions. ZnO nanoparticles (ZONP) are mostly used due to its advantages over conventional forms. Current study is aimed to evaluate the effects of ZONP on serum minerals profile, tibial bone minerals profile and bone health in broilers.
Hypothesis: ZONP may enhance bone health and serum minerals in broiler.
Methodology: The study included 120 day-old broiler chicks divided into four groups, each with 6 replicates. Group A served as control group and group B, C and D served as treatment groups supplemented with 80mg/kg ZnO, 40mg/kg ZONP and 80mg/kg ZONP respectively. At the end of 35 days, two birds from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered to collect tibial bone samples and blood samples. The parameters reported were bone health i.e. bone weight, bone length, robusticity index and tibiotarsal index and minerals in serum and bones were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and flame photometry.
Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed using one way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Results: This study helped us to determine the bone health and minerals level of bones and serum in response to ZONP in broiler. The results showed no change in serum and bones level of Zn, Fe, K and Na in Zn supplemented groups compared to control group but serum and bones Ca level showed significant increase in Zn supplemented groups compared to control group. The results showed no significant difference in bone dry weight, wet weight, length, bone diameter, medullary canal diameter, robusticity index and tibiotarsal index of broilers supplemented with Zn compared to control group.
Conclusion: It is concluded that Zn supplementation, either ZnO or ZONP, has no effect on bones health, bone minerals and serum minerals. However, Ca level of bones and serum was increased by Zn (either ZnO or ZONP)
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2304-T] (1).
5.
Effects Of Dietary Supplementation Of Thyroxine On Cellular And Humoral Immunity In Broilers
by Muhammad Saad Khilji (2013-VA-594) | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Mansur Abdullah Sandhu | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Over the past few decades broiler industry has showed great improvements in growth, increased efficiency of nutrient utilization. But advances in immune system improvement lag behind significantly. Endocrine system is also a participant in modulating immune response. One of these endocrine systems through which immune system can be modulated is through hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Thyroid hormones are known for their role in immune organs development such as thymus and bursa of Fabricius. So this trial was designed to evaluate cell mediated and humoral immune response of birds during hyperthyroidism.
In this trial, one hundred day old broiler chickens were procured and maintained for 14 days. Then birds were divided into three groups. Group 1 received basal diet and served as control. Group 2 and Group 3 served as treatment groups and received 5 μg/Kg and 10 μg/Kg of thyroxine in addition to basal diet for 14 days. After 7, 14 and 21 days of trial, birds were bled and sampling was done. The parameters selected to assess immune response included blood collection for H:L, serum collection, macrophage engulfment performance, NO production assay, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction against phytohemagglutinin, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, antibody titers against SRBC and viral diseases including ND and IB. Glucose tolerance test was also performed after 7, 14 and 21 days of trial. All the results for the parameters mentioned were analysed statistically using one way ANOVA. Results at p <0.05 were considered significant.
Results revealed showed that hyperthyroidism negatively modulates the immune response of birds. Macrophage phagocytic performance significantly declined, heterophil to
Summary
74
lymphocyte ratio showed significantly higher. Results for NO production showed increase in control group followed by 10 μg group. Skin response to phytohemagglutinin remained nonsignificant. Antibody titers against SRBC, ND and IBV significantly dropped in birds subjected to hyperthyroidism. Glucose tolerance test showed significantly lower blood glucose levels in treatment groups as compared to treatment groups.
All these results suggest that hyperthyroidism can lead to deficient immune response in challenged birds and that physiological levels of thyroxine are sufficient for maintaining immune system. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2449-T] (1).
6.
Distribution Of Macro- And Micro-Minerals In Different Tissues Of Broilers Supplemented With Trivalent Chromium
by Abdullah Arif Saeed (2013-VA-862) | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Mansur Abdullah Sandhu | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Broiler chicken is least expensive meat in most of the world’s meat markets. Its demand is getting higher day by day. Broiler producers and researchers are experimenting with variety of supplements to improve feed conversion ratio as well as to make meat healthier and more nutritious. Many mineral supplementations are used commonly in poultry production to attain maximum efficiency. Chromium is one of the micro mineral essential for various body functions. Many research trials had been conducted on trivalent chromium chloride and its other forms observing its effect on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. No study is yet conducted which is solely based on effect of chromium on other mineral levels in different tissues of body. This study was designed to estimate the effect of chromium chloride supplementation on distribution of macro- and micro-minerals in different tissues of body.
Ninety day old chicks were kept in three groups i.e. two treatment groups and one control group. Treatment groups were divided by the concentration of chromium chloride supplemented in their feed i.e. 12.5 mg Cr/kg feed and 25 mg Cr/kg feed. Sampling was done on 35th day and samples of blood, long bones of hind limb, and thigh muscles were collected. Samples were further processed for estimation of 3 micro and 3 macro minerals. One way ANOVA was used to analyze the data and results were subjected to Tukey’s post-hoc test.
There was no significant effect on muscle and serum mineral content. Calcium seems to decrease in all three bone with supplementation along with potassium. Copper concentration seems to increase in fibula with supplementation.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2447-T] (1).
